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人工智能在心血管疾病风险分层与个体化治疗中的应用进展

朱 雯萱, 金 铉顺

摘要

心血管疾病是全球首位死亡原因,其管理长期面临着风险分层工具精度不足与“一刀切”治疗策略效能有限的困境。人工智能(AI)技术的介入正在推动这一领域发生根本性转变:从粗放的群体化风险判断迈向精准的个体化动态管理。本文系统综述了AI在心血管疾病风险分层与个体化治疗中的最新进展。在风险分层层面,深度学习模型已能整合影像、电生理、多组学等多模态数据,超越传统评分体系的性能极限;在个体化治疗层面,AI通过识别精细表型、构建“数字孪生”模拟干预效果,正在重塑抗栓策略、导管消融及血运重建等临床决策路径。然而,技术繁荣的背后隐含着模型泛化能力不足与“黑箱”困境等深层挑战。本文认为,从“预测”到“干预”的范式跨越,关键在于发展可解释AI与建立新型人机协同机制,这将是AI真正融入心血管临床实践的前提。

关键词

人工智能;心血管疾病;风险分层;个体化治疗;可解释性

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参考

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