冠脉搭桥患者脑血管病变特征与术后早期神经系统并发症的相关性研究
摘要
本综述全面梳理 CABG 患者脑血管病变特征和术后早期神经系统并发症的相关性研究。在脑血管病变特征方面,颅内动脉
狭窄、脑小血管病等病变,被认为是影响术后神经系统状况的危险因素。术后神经系统并发症涵盖缺血性脑卒中、认知功
能障碍、谵妄及癫痫发作等症状。大量研究表明,术前存在严重颈动脉狭窄、既往脑卒中 /TIA 病史,以及脑血流灌注储
备能力低下的患者,术后发生神经系统并发症的风险显著升高。此外,术中血压波动、体外循环相关的手术因素等,也会
通过影响脑血管病变进程,间接增加并发症风险。尽管目前已有诸多研究,但在不同脑血管病变特征量化评估与并发症精
准预测模型构建、多因素交互作用机制,以及针对性防治策略优化等方面,仍存在研究空白与挑战。未来需进一步整合多
模态影像学、血流动力学监测等技术,开展大规模前瞻性研究,为临床精准防治提供更坚实的理论依据与实践指导。
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