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口腔颌面部间隙感染的临床诊疗及危险因素的研究进展

陈 嘉一, 玄 云泽

摘要

口腔颌面部间隙感染(OMSI)作为一种具有高度侵袭性的头颈部急症,常因解剖结构的特殊性导致感染沿筋膜平面迅速扩散,危及生命。本文系统综述了该领域在流行病学特征、风险评估及诊疗模式等方面的最新进展。分析指出,牙源性因素仍是OMSI的主要诱因,而以糖尿病为代表的代谢紊乱及宿主衰弱状态是导致严重感染与全身并发症的核心危险因素。在病原学方面,需氧与厌氧菌的混合感染以及耐药性问题,使OMSI诊疗需要结合药敏实验。炎症标记物、营养指数与多模态影像技术的联合应用,显著提升了病情的量化评估精度。治疗策略已实现从传统外科引流向负压封闭引流及多学科协作(MDT)模式改变。未来研究应聚焦于人工智能预测模型和多学科联合诊疗。以实现疾病的早期诊断预防,以及高危人群和复杂患者的个体化精准治疗。

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参考

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